At about 8pm on January 27th, 2020, my on-line buffer calculator broached the one million hits mark, now at 1.25 million. Over a million litres, or one thousand tonnes of buffer! This tool has now helped you make litres of buffer.


Buffer species
Volume (mL)
pH
Concentration (mM)  
Control of ionic strength?   (Yes, if checked)
Ionic strength (mM)  
Control ionic strength with
Prepare buffer at T  °C
Use buffer at T  °C


The main purpose of the page is to give access to the software written for the design of thermodynamically corrected buffers. The software:
  • Provides a recipe for a range of monoprotic buffers used in biological systems
  • Makes corrections for the temperature at which the buffer will be used
  • Makes Debye-Huckel corrections for the effect of ionic strength on pKa
  • Describes two ways (titration or by accurate weight) for preparation of the recipe

Choose the buffer species you want to use, and enter parameters for volume, pH, and concentration of buffer species. Then, include the option to modify the ionic strength by addition of neutral salt. Finally, enter the temperature at which you'll use the buffer, and the temperature at which you'll make it up (these are often not the same). The 'Recipe’ button will then open a new window with a recipe, that you can print, or if you wish, copy the information to a lab notebook.